<?php

namespace FluentBooking\Framework\Support;

use Exception;
use JsonException;
use FluentBooking\Framework\Foundation\App;
use FluentBooking\Framework\Support\Helper;
use FluentBooking\Framework\Support\Stringable;
use FluentBooking\Framework\Support\MacroableTrait;

class Str
{
    use MacroableTrait;

    /**
     * The cache of snake-cased words.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected static $snakeCache = [];

    /**
     * The cache of camel-cased words.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected static $camelCache = [];

    /**
     * The cache of studly-cased words.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected static $studlyCache = [];

    /**
     * Get a new stringable object from the given string.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @return \FluentBooking\Framework\Support\Stringable
     */
    public static function of($string)
    {
        return new Stringable($string);
    }

    /**
     * Makes an acronum from a string of words
     * 
     * @param  string $string
     * @param  string $delimiter
     * @return string
     */
    public static function acronym($string, $delimiter = '')
    {
        if (empty($string)) {
            return '';
        }
     
        $acronym = '';
        foreach (preg_split('/[^\p{L}]+/u', $string) as $word) {
            if(!empty($word)){
                $first_letter = mb_substr($word, 0, 1);
                $acronym .= $first_letter . $delimiter;
            }
        }
     
        return $acronym;
    }

    /**
     * Return the remainder of a string after the first occurrence of a given value.
     *
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @param  string  $search
     * @return string
     */
    public static function after($subject, $search)
    {
        return $search === '' ? $subject : array_reverse(explode($search, $subject, 2))[0];
    }

    /**
     * Return the remainder of a string after the last occurrence of a given value.
     *
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @param  string  $search
     * @return string
     */
    public static function afterLast($subject, $search)
    {
        if ($search === '') {
            return $subject;
        }

        $position = strrpos($subject, (string) $search);

        if ($position === false) {
            return $subject;
        }

        return substr($subject, $position + strlen($search));
    }

    /**
     * Transliterate a UTF-8 value to ASCII.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     * @see https://github.com/fzaninotto/Faker/blob/master/src/Faker/Provider/Internet.php#L245
     */
    public static function ascii($value)
    {
        static $arrayFrom, $arrayTo;

        if (empty($arrayFrom)) {
            $transliterationTable = [
                'Ĳ' => 'I', 'Ö' => 'O', 'Œ' => 'O', 'Ü' => 'U', 'ä' => 'a', 'æ' => 'a',
                'ĳ' => 'i', 'ö' => 'o', 'œ' => 'o', 'ü' => 'u', 'ß' => 's', 'ſ' => 's',
                'À' => 'A', 'Á' => 'A', 'Â' => 'A', 'Ã' => 'A', 'Ä' => 'A', 'Å' => 'A',
                'Æ' => 'A', 'Ā' => 'A', 'Ą' => 'A', 'Ă' => 'A', 'Ç' => 'C', 'Ć' => 'C',
                'Č' => 'C', 'Ĉ' => 'C', 'Ċ' => 'C', 'Ď' => 'D', 'Đ' => 'D', 'È' => 'E',
                'É' => 'E', 'Ê' => 'E', 'Ë' => 'E', 'Ē' => 'E', 'Ę' => 'E', 'Ě' => 'E',
                'Ĕ' => 'E', 'Ė' => 'E', 'Ĝ' => 'G', 'Ğ' => 'G', 'Ġ' => 'G', 'Ģ' => 'G',
                'Ĥ' => 'H', 'Ħ' => 'H', 'Ì' => 'I', 'Í' => 'I', 'Î' => 'I', 'Ï' => 'I',
                'Ī' => 'I', 'Ĩ' => 'I', 'Ĭ' => 'I', 'Į' => 'I', 'İ' => 'I', 'Ĵ' => 'J',
                'Ķ' => 'K', 'Ľ' => 'K', 'Ĺ' => 'K', 'Ļ' => 'K', 'Ŀ' => 'K', 'Ł' => 'L',
                'Ñ' => 'N', 'Ń' => 'N', 'Ň' => 'N', 'Ņ' => 'N', 'Ŋ' => 'N', 'Ò' => 'O',
                'Ó' => 'O', 'Ô' => 'O', 'Õ' => 'O', 'Ø' => 'O', 'Ō' => 'O', 'Ő' => 'O',
                'Ŏ' => 'O', 'Ŕ' => 'R', 'Ř' => 'R', 'Ŗ' => 'R', 'Ś' => 'S', 'Ş' => 'S',
                'Ŝ' => 'S', 'Ș' => 'S', 'Š' => 'S', 'Ť' => 'T', 'Ţ' => 'T', 'Ŧ' => 'T',
                'Ț' => 'T', 'Ù' => 'U', 'Ú' => 'U', 'Û' => 'U', 'Ū' => 'U', 'Ů' => 'U',
                'Ű' => 'U', 'Ŭ' => 'U', 'Ũ' => 'U', 'Ų' => 'U', 'Ŵ' => 'W', 'Ŷ' => 'Y',
                'Ÿ' => 'Y', 'Ý' => 'Y', 'Ź' => 'Z', 'Ż' => 'Z', 'Ž' => 'Z', 'à' => 'a',
                'á' => 'a', 'â' => 'a', 'ã' => 'a', 'ā' => 'a', 'ą' => 'a', 'ă' => 'a',
                'å' => 'a', 'ç' => 'c', 'ć' => 'c', 'č' => 'c', 'ĉ' => 'c', 'ċ' => 'c',
                'ď' => 'd', 'đ' => 'd', 'è' => 'e', 'é' => 'e', 'ê' => 'e', 'ë' => 'e',
                'ē' => 'e', 'ę' => 'e', 'ě' => 'e', 'ĕ' => 'e', 'ė' => 'e', 'ƒ' => 'f',
                'ĝ' => 'g', 'ğ' => 'g', 'ġ' => 'g', 'ģ' => 'g', 'ĥ' => 'h', 'ħ' => 'h',
                'ì' => 'i', 'í' => 'i', 'î' => 'i', 'ï' => 'i', 'ī' => 'i', 'ĩ' => 'i',
                'ĭ' => 'i', 'į' => 'i', 'ı' => 'i', 'ĵ' => 'j', 'ķ' => 'k', 'ĸ' => 'k',
                'ł' => 'l', 'ľ' => 'l', 'ĺ' => 'l', 'ļ' => 'l', 'ŀ' => 'l', 'ñ' => 'n',
                'ń' => 'n', 'ň' => 'n', 'ņ' => 'n', 'ŉ' => 'n', 'ŋ' => 'n', 'ò' => 'o',
                'ó' => 'o', 'ô' => 'o', 'õ' => 'o', 'ø' => 'o', 'ō' => 'o', 'ő' => 'o',
                'ŏ' => 'o', 'ŕ' => 'r', 'ř' => 'r', 'ŗ' => 'r', 'ś' => 's', 'š' => 's',
                'ť' => 't', 'ù' => 'u', 'ú' => 'u', 'û' => 'u', 'ū' => 'u', 'ů' => 'u',
                'ű' => 'u', 'ŭ' => 'u', 'ũ' => 'u', 'ų' => 'u', 'ŵ' => 'w', 'ÿ' => 'y',
                'ý' => 'y', 'ŷ' => 'y', 'ż' => 'z', 'ź' => 'z', 'ž' => 'z', 'Α' => 'A',
                'Ά' => 'A', 'Ἀ' => 'A', 'Ἁ' => 'A', 'Ἂ' => 'A', 'Ἃ' => 'A', 'Ἄ' => 'A',
                'Ἅ' => 'A', 'Ἆ' => 'A', 'Ἇ' => 'A', 'ᾈ' => 'A', 'ᾉ' => 'A', 'ᾊ' => 'A',
                'ᾋ' => 'A', 'ᾌ' => 'A', 'ᾍ' => 'A', 'ᾎ' => 'A', 'ᾏ' => 'A', 'Ᾰ' => 'A',
                'Ᾱ' => 'A', 'Ὰ' => 'A', 'ᾼ' => 'A', 'Β' => 'B', 'Γ' => 'G', 'Δ' => 'D',
                'Ε' => 'E', 'Έ' => 'E', 'Ἐ' => 'E', 'Ἑ' => 'E', 'Ἒ' => 'E', 'Ἓ' => 'E',
                'Ἔ' => 'E', 'Ἕ' => 'E', 'Ὲ' => 'E', 'Ζ' => 'Z', 'Η' => 'I', 'Ή' => 'I',
                'Ἠ' => 'I', 'Ἡ' => 'I', 'Ἢ' => 'I', 'Ἣ' => 'I', 'Ἤ' => 'I', 'Ἥ' => 'I',
                'Ἦ' => 'I', 'Ἧ' => 'I', 'ᾘ' => 'I', 'ᾙ' => 'I', 'ᾚ' => 'I', 'ᾛ' => 'I',
                'ᾜ' => 'I', 'ᾝ' => 'I', 'ᾞ' => 'I', 'ᾟ' => 'I', 'Ὴ' => 'I', 'ῌ' => 'I',
                'Θ' => 'T', 'Ι' => 'I', 'Ί' => 'I', 'Ϊ' => 'I', 'Ἰ' => 'I', 'Ἱ' => 'I',
                'Ἲ' => 'I', 'Ἳ' => 'I', 'Ἴ' => 'I', 'Ἵ' => 'I', 'Ἶ' => 'I', 'Ἷ' => 'I',
                'Ῐ' => 'I', 'Ῑ' => 'I', 'Ὶ' => 'I', 'Κ' => 'K', 'Λ' => 'L', 'Μ' => 'M',
                'Ν' => 'N', 'Ξ' => 'K', 'Ο' => 'O', 'Ό' => 'O', 'Ὀ' => 'O', 'Ὁ' => 'O',
                'Ὂ' => 'O', 'Ὃ' => 'O', 'Ὄ' => 'O', 'Ὅ' => 'O', 'Ὸ' => 'O', 'Π' => 'P',
                'Ρ' => 'R', 'Ῥ' => 'R', 'Σ' => 'S', 'Τ' => 'T', 'Υ' => 'Y', 'Ύ' => 'Y',
                'Ϋ' => 'Y', 'Ὑ' => 'Y', 'Ὓ' => 'Y', 'Ὕ' => 'Y', 'Ὗ' => 'Y', 'Ῠ' => 'Y',
                'Ῡ' => 'Y', 'Ὺ' => 'Y', 'Φ' => 'F', 'Χ' => 'X', 'Ψ' => 'P', 'Ω' => 'O',
                'Ώ' => 'O', 'Ὠ' => 'O', 'Ὡ' => 'O', 'Ὢ' => 'O', 'Ὣ' => 'O', 'Ὤ' => 'O',
                'Ὥ' => 'O', 'Ὦ' => 'O', 'Ὧ' => 'O', 'ᾨ' => 'O', 'ᾩ' => 'O', 'ᾪ' => 'O',
                'ᾫ' => 'O', 'ᾬ' => 'O', 'ᾭ' => 'O', 'ᾮ' => 'O', 'ᾯ' => 'O', 'Ὼ' => 'O',
                'ῼ' => 'O', 'α' => 'a', 'ά' => 'a', 'ἀ' => 'a', 'ἁ' => 'a', 'ἂ' => 'a',
                'ἃ' => 'a', 'ἄ' => 'a', 'ἅ' => 'a', 'ἆ' => 'a', 'ἇ' => 'a', 'ᾀ' => 'a',
                'ᾁ' => 'a', 'ᾂ' => 'a', 'ᾃ' => 'a', 'ᾄ' => 'a', 'ᾅ' => 'a', 'ᾆ' => 'a',
                'ᾇ' => 'a', 'ὰ' => 'a', 'ᾰ' => 'a', 'ᾱ' => 'a', 'ᾲ' => 'a', 'ᾳ' => 'a',
                'ᾴ' => 'a', 'ᾶ' => 'a', 'ᾷ' => 'a', 'β' => 'b', 'γ' => 'g', 'δ' => 'd',
                'ε' => 'e', 'έ' => 'e', 'ἐ' => 'e', 'ἑ' => 'e', 'ἒ' => 'e', 'ἓ' => 'e',
                'ἔ' => 'e', 'ἕ' => 'e', 'ὲ' => 'e', 'ζ' => 'z', 'η' => 'i', 'ή' => 'i',
                'ἠ' => 'i', 'ἡ' => 'i', 'ἢ' => 'i', 'ἣ' => 'i', 'ἤ' => 'i', 'ἥ' => 'i',
                'ἦ' => 'i', 'ἧ' => 'i', 'ᾐ' => 'i', 'ᾑ' => 'i', 'ᾒ' => 'i', 'ᾓ' => 'i',
                'ᾔ' => 'i', 'ᾕ' => 'i', 'ᾖ' => 'i', 'ᾗ' => 'i', 'ὴ' => 'i', 'ῂ' => 'i',
                'ῃ' => 'i', 'ῄ' => 'i', 'ῆ' => 'i', 'ῇ' => 'i', 'θ' => 't', 'ι' => 'i',
                'ί' => 'i', 'ϊ' => 'i', 'ΐ' => 'i', 'ἰ' => 'i', 'ἱ' => 'i', 'ἲ' => 'i',
                'ἳ' => 'i', 'ἴ' => 'i', 'ἵ' => 'i', 'ἶ' => 'i', 'ἷ' => 'i', 'ὶ' => 'i',
                'ῐ' => 'i', 'ῑ' => 'i', 'ῒ' => 'i', 'ῖ' => 'i', 'ῗ' => 'i', 'κ' => 'k',
                'λ' => 'l', 'μ' => 'm', 'ν' => 'n', 'ξ' => 'k', 'ο' => 'o', 'ό' => 'o',
                'ὀ' => 'o', 'ὁ' => 'o', 'ὂ' => 'o', 'ὃ' => 'o', 'ὄ' => 'o', 'ὅ' => 'o',
                'ὸ' => 'o', 'π' => 'p', 'ρ' => 'r', 'ῤ' => 'r', 'ῥ' => 'r', 'σ' => 's',
                'ς' => 's', 'τ' => 't', 'υ' => 'y', 'ύ' => 'y', 'ϋ' => 'y', 'ΰ' => 'y',
                'ὐ' => 'y', 'ὑ' => 'y', 'ὒ' => 'y', 'ὓ' => 'y', 'ὔ' => 'y', 'ὕ' => 'y',
                'ὖ' => 'y', 'ὗ' => 'y', 'ὺ' => 'y', 'ῠ' => 'y', 'ῡ' => 'y', 'ῢ' => 'y',
                'ῦ' => 'y', 'ῧ' => 'y', 'φ' => 'f', 'χ' => 'x', 'ψ' => 'p', 'ω' => 'o',
                'ώ' => 'o', 'ὠ' => 'o', 'ὡ' => 'o', 'ὢ' => 'o', 'ὣ' => 'o', 'ὤ' => 'o',
                'ὥ' => 'o', 'ὦ' => 'o', 'ὧ' => 'o', 'ᾠ' => 'o', 'ᾡ' => 'o', 'ᾢ' => 'o',
                'ᾣ' => 'o', 'ᾤ' => 'o', 'ᾥ' => 'o', 'ᾦ' => 'o', 'ᾧ' => 'o', 'ὼ' => 'o',
                'ῲ' => 'o', 'ῳ' => 'o', 'ῴ' => 'o', 'ῶ' => 'o', 'ῷ' => 'o', 'А' => 'A',
                'Б' => 'B', 'В' => 'V', 'Г' => 'G', 'Д' => 'D', 'Е' => 'E', 'Ё' => 'E',
                'Ж' => 'Z', 'З' => 'Z', 'И' => 'I', 'Й' => 'I', 'К' => 'K', 'Л' => 'L',
                'М' => 'M', 'Н' => 'N', 'О' => 'O', 'П' => 'P', 'Р' => 'R', 'С' => 'S',
                'Т' => 'T', 'У' => 'U', 'Ф' => 'F', 'Х' => 'K', 'Ц' => 'T', 'Ч' => 'C',
                'Ш' => 'S', 'Щ' => 'S', 'Ы' => 'Y', 'Э' => 'E', 'Ю' => 'Y', 'Я' => 'Y',
                'а' => 'A', 'б' => 'B', 'в' => 'V', 'г' => 'G', 'д' => 'D', 'е' => 'E',
                'ё' => 'E', 'ж' => 'Z', 'з' => 'Z', 'и' => 'I', 'й' => 'I', 'к' => 'K',
                'л' => 'L', 'м' => 'M', 'н' => 'N', 'о' => 'O', 'п' => 'P', 'р' => 'R',
                'с' => 'S', 'т' => 'T', 'у' => 'U', 'ф' => 'F', 'х' => 'K', 'ц' => 'T',
                'ч' => 'C', 'ш' => 'S', 'щ' => 'S', 'ы' => 'Y', 'э' => 'E', 'ю' => 'Y',
                'я' => 'Y', 'ð' => 'd', 'Ð' => 'D', 'þ' => 't', 'Þ' => 'T', 'ა' => 'a',
                'ბ' => 'b', 'გ' => 'g', 'დ' => 'd', 'ე' => 'e', 'ვ' => 'v', 'ზ' => 'z',
                'თ' => 't', 'ი' => 'i', 'კ' => 'k', 'ლ' => 'l', 'მ' => 'm', 'ნ' => 'n',
                'ო' => 'o', 'პ' => 'p', 'ჟ' => 'z', 'რ' => 'r', 'ს' => 's', 'ტ' => 't',
                'უ' => 'u', 'ფ' => 'p', 'ქ' => 'k', 'ღ' => 'g', 'ყ' => 'q', 'შ' => 's',
                'ჩ' => 'c', 'ც' => 't', 'ძ' => 'd', 'წ' => 't', 'ჭ' => 'c', 'ხ' => 'k',
                'ჯ' => 'j', 'ჰ' => 'h', 'ţ' => 't', 'ʼ' => "'", '̧' => '', 'ḩ' => 'h',
                '‘' => "'", '’' => "'", 'ừ' => 'u', '/' => '', 'ế' => 'e', 'ả' => 'a',
                'ị' => 'i', 'ậ' => 'a', 'ệ' => 'e', 'ỉ' => 'i', 'ồ' => 'o', 'ề' => 'e',
                'ơ' => 'o', 'ạ' => 'a', 'ẵ' => 'a', 'ư' => 'u', 'ằ' => 'a', 'ầ' => 'a',
                'ḑ' => 'd', 'Ḩ' => 'H', 'Ḑ' => 'D', 'ș' => 's', 'ț' => 't', 'ộ' => 'o',
                'ắ' => 'a', 'ş' => 's', "'" => '', 'ու' => 'u', 'ա' => 'a', 'բ' => 'b',
                'գ' => 'g', 'դ' => 'd', 'ե' => 'e', 'զ' => 'z', 'է' => 'e', 'ը' => 'y',
                'թ' => 't', 'ժ' => 'zh', 'ի' => 'i', 'լ' => 'l', 'խ' => 'kh', 'ծ' => 'ts',
                'կ' => 'k', 'հ' => 'h', 'ձ' => 'dz', 'ղ' => 'gh', 'ճ' => 'ch', 'մ' => 'm',
                'յ' => 'y', 'ն' => 'n', 'շ' => 'sh', 'ո' => 'o', 'չ' => 'ch', 'պ' => 'p',
                'ջ' => 'j', 'ռ' => 'r', 'ս' => 's', 'վ' => 'v', 'տ' => 't', 'ր' => 'r',
                'ց' => 'ts', 'փ' => 'p', 'ք' => 'q', 'և' => 'ev', 'օ' => 'o', 'ֆ' => 'f',
            ];
            $arrayFrom = array_keys($transliterationTable);
            $arrayTo = array_values($transliterationTable);
        }

        return str_replace($arrayFrom, $arrayTo, $value);
    }

    /**
     * Transliterate a string to its closest ASCII representation.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @return string
     * @see https://github.com/fzaninotto/Faker/blob/master/src/Faker/Provider/Internet.php#L229
     */
    public static function transliterate($string)
    {
        if (0 === preg_match('/[^A-Za-z0-9_.]/', $string)) {
            return $string;
        }

        $transString = static::ascii($string);

        return preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9_.]/u', '', $transString);
    }

    /**
     * Get the portion of a string before the first occurrence of a given value.
     *
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @param  string  $search
     * @return string
     */
    public static function before($subject, $search)
    {
        if ($search === '') {
            return $subject;
        }

        $result = strstr($subject, (string) $search, true);

        return $result === false ? $subject : $result;
    }

    /**
     * Get the portion of a string before the last occurrence of a given value.
     *
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @param  string  $search
     * @return string
     */
    public static function beforeLast($subject, $search)
    {
        if ($search === '') {
            return $subject;
        }

        $pos = mb_strrpos($subject, $search);

        if ($pos === false) {
            return $subject;
        }

        return static::substr($subject, 0, $pos);
    }

    /**
     * Get the portion of a string between two given values.
     *
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @param  string  $from
     * @param  string  $to
     * @return string
     */
    public static function between($subject, $from, $to)
    {
        if ($from === '' || $to === '') {
            return $subject;
        }

        return static::beforeLast(static::after($subject, $from), $to);
    }

    /**
     * Get the smallest possible portion of a string between two given values.
     *
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @param  string  $from
     * @param  string  $to
     * @return string
     */
    public static function betweenFirst($subject, $from, $to)
    {
        if ($from === '' || $to === '') {
            return $subject;
        }

        return static::before(static::after($subject, $from), $to);
    }

    /**
     * Convert a value to camel case.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function camel($value)
    {
        if (isset(static::$camelCache[$value])) {
            return static::$camelCache[$value];
        }

        return static::$camelCache[$value] = lcfirst(static::studly($value));
    }

    /**
     * Get the character at the specified index.
     *
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @param  int  $index
     * @return string|false
     */
    public static function charAt($subject, $index)
    {
        $length = mb_strlen($subject);

        if ($index < 0 ? $index < -$length : $index > $length - 1) {
            return false;
        }

        return mb_substr($subject, $index, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Remove the given string(s) if it exists at the start of the haystack.
     *
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @param  string|array  $needle
     * @return string
     */
    public static function chopStart($subject, $needle)
    {
        foreach ((array) $needle as $n) {
            if (str_starts_with($subject, $n)) {
                return substr($subject, strlen($n));
            }
        }

        return $subject;
    }

    /**
     * Remove the given string(s) if it exists at the end of the haystack.
     *
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @param  string|array  $needle
     * @return string
     */
    public static function chopEnd($subject, $needle)
    {
        foreach ((array) $needle as $n) {
            if (str_ends_with($subject, $n)) {
                return substr($subject, 0, -strlen($n));
            }
        }

        return $subject;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given string contains a given substring.
     *
     * @param  string  $haystack
     * @param  string|string[]  $needles
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function contains($haystack, $needles)
    {
        foreach ((array) $needles as $needle) {
            if ($needle !== '' && mb_strpos($haystack, $needle) !== false) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given string contains all array values.
     *
     * @param  string  $haystack
     * @param  string[]  $needles
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function containsAll($haystack, array $needles)
    {
        foreach ($needles as $needle) {
            if (! static::contains($haystack, $needle)) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Replace consecutive instances of a given character
     * with a single character in the given string.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @param  string  $character
     * @return string
     */
    public static function deduplicate(string $string, string $character = ' ')
    {
        return preg_replace(
            '/'.preg_quote($character, '/').'+/u', $character, $string
        );
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given string ends with a given substring.
     *
     * @param  string  $haystack
     * @param  string|string[]  $needles
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function endsWith($haystack, $needles)
    {
        foreach ((array) $needles as $needle) {
            if (
                $needle !== '' && $needle !== null
                && substr($haystack, -strlen($needle)) === (string) $needle
            ) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Cap a string with a single instance of a given value.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  string  $cap
     * @return string
     */
    public static function finish($value, $cap)
    {
        $quoted = preg_quote($cap, '/');

        return preg_replace('/(?:'.$quoted.')+$/u', '', $value).$cap;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given string matches a given pattern.
     *
     * @param  string|array  $pattern
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function is($pattern, $value)
    {
        $patterns = Arr::wrap($pattern);

        $value = (string) $value;

        if (empty($patterns)) {
            return false;
        }

        foreach ($patterns as $pattern) {
            $pattern = (string) $pattern;

            // If the given value is an exact match we can of course return
            // true right from the beginning. Otherwise, we will translate
            // asterisks and do an actual pattern match against the
            // two strings to see if they match.
            if ($pattern == $value) {
                return true;
            }

            $pattern = preg_quote($pattern, '#');

            // Asterisks are translated into zero-or-more regular expression
            // wildcards to make it convenient to check if the strings
            // starts with the given pattern such as "library/*",
            // making any string check convenient.
            $pattern = str_replace('\*', '.*', $pattern);

            if (preg_match('#^'.$pattern.'\z#u', $value) === 1) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Converts a non-boolean value to boolean
     * @param  string|int $str
     * @return bool|null
     */
    public static function toBool($str)
    {
        if (is_bool($str)) {
            return $str;
        }
      
        $truthy = ['yes', 'on', 'true', '1', 1];

        $falsy = ['no', 'off', 'false', '0', 0, ''];

        if (in_array($str, $truthy, true)) {
            return true;
        } elseif (in_array($str, $falsy, true)) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given string is 7 bit ASCII.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return bool
     * @see https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/classes/requests_idnaencoder/is_ascii/
     */
    public static function isAscii($value)
    {
        return (preg_match('/(?:[^\x00-\x7F])/', $value) !== 1);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the word(s) are in capitalized form.
     * @param  string $str
     * @param  boolean $onlyFirst if true, checks only the first charatcer
     * @return boolean
     */
    public static function isCapitalized($str, $onlyFirst = false)
    {
        if ($onlyFirst) {
            return static::isUpper($str[0]);
        }

        if ($words = mb_split('\s', $str)) {
            foreach ($words as $word) {
                $isCap[] = static::isUpper($word[0]) && static::isLower(mb_substr($word, 1));
            }
            return count(array_filter($isCap)) === count($isCap);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the first character is in capital form.
     * 
     * @param string $str
     * @return boolean
     */
    public static function isCapital($str)
    {
        return static::isCapitalized($str, true);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the chracters are in upper case
     * 
     * @param string $str
     * @return boolean
     */
    public static function isUpper($str)
    {
        return $str === static::upper($str);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the chracters are in lower case
     * 
     * @param string $str
     * @return boolean
     */
    public static function isLower($str)
    {
        return $str === static::lower($str);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if two words sounds alike
     * 
     * @param string $str1
     * @param string $str2
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function soundsAlike($str1, $str2)
    {
        return soundex($str1) == soundex($str2);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if two words are similar
     * 
     * @param string $str1
     * @param string $str2
     * 
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function isSimilar($str1, $str2, $accuracy = 60)
    {
        $percent = static::similarityOf($str1, $str2);

        return $percent > $accuracy;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if two words are similar
     * 
     * @param string $str1
     * @param string $str2
     * 
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function similarityOf($str1, $str2)
    {
        similar_text($str1, $str2, $percent);

        return $percent;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given value is valid JSON.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function isJson($value)
    {
        if (! is_string($value)) {
            return false;
        }

        try {
            json_decode($value, true, 512, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR);
        } catch (JsonException $e) {
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given value is a valid URL.
     *
     * @param  mixed  $value
     * @param  array  $protocols
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function isUrl($value, array $protocols = [])
    {
        if (! is_string($value)) {
            return false;
        }

        $protocolList = empty($protocols)
            ? 'aaa|aaas|about|acap|acct|acd|acr|adiumxtra|adt|afp|afs|aim|amss|android|appdata|apt|ark|attachment|aw|barion|beshare|bitcoin|bitcoincash|blob|bolo|browserext|calculator|callto|cap|cast|casts|chrome|chrome-extension|cid|coap|coap\+tcp|coap\+ws|coaps|coaps\+tcp|coaps\+ws|com-eventbrite-attendee|content|conti|crid|cvs|dab|data|dav|diaspora|dict|did|dis|dlna-playcontainer|dlna-playsingle|dns|dntp|dpp|drm|drop|dtn|dvb|ed2k|elsi|example|facetime|fax|feed|feedready|file|filesystem|finger|first-run-pen-experience|fish|fm|ftp|fuchsia-pkg|geo|gg|git|gizmoproject|go|gopher|graph|gtalk|h323|ham|hcap|hcp|http|https|hxxp|hxxps|hydrazone|iax|icap|icon|im|imap|info|iotdisco|ipn|ipp|ipps|irc|irc6|ircs|iris|iris\.beep|iris\.lwz|iris\.xpc|iris\.xpcs|isostore|itms|jabber|jar|jms|keyparc|lastfm|ldap|ldaps|leaptofrogans|lorawan|lvlt|magnet|mailserver|mailto|maps|market|message|mid|mms|modem|mongodb|moz|ms-access|ms-browser-extension|ms-calculator|ms-drive-to|ms-enrollment|ms-excel|ms-eyecontrolspeech|ms-gamebarservices|ms-gamingoverlay|ms-getoffice|ms-help|ms-infopath|ms-inputapp|ms-lockscreencomponent-config|ms-media-stream-id|ms-mixedrealitycapture|ms-mobileplans|ms-officeapp|ms-people|ms-project|ms-powerpoint|ms-publisher|ms-restoretabcompanion|ms-screenclip|ms-screensketch|ms-search|ms-search-repair|ms-secondary-screen-controller|ms-secondary-screen-setup|ms-settings|ms-settings-airplanemode|ms-settings-bluetooth|ms-settings-camera|ms-settings-cellular|ms-settings-cloudstorage|ms-settings-connectabledevices|ms-settings-displays-topology|ms-settings-emailandaccounts|ms-settings-language|ms-settings-location|ms-settings-lock|ms-settings-nfctransactions|ms-settings-notifications|ms-settings-power|ms-settings-privacy|ms-settings-proximity|ms-settings-screenrotation|ms-settings-wifi|ms-settings-workplace|ms-spd|ms-sttoverlay|ms-transit-to|ms-useractivityset|ms-virtualtouchpad|ms-visio|ms-walk-to|ms-whiteboard|ms-whiteboard-cmd|ms-word|msnim|msrp|msrps|mss|mtqp|mumble|mupdate|mvn|news|nfs|ni|nih|nntp|notes|ocf|oid|onenote|onenote-cmd|opaquelocktoken|openpgp4fpr|pack|palm|paparazzi|payto|pkcs11|platform|pop|pres|prospero|proxy|pwid|psyc|pttp|qb|query|redis|rediss|reload|res|resource|rmi|rsync|rtmfp|rtmp|rtsp|rtsps|rtspu|s3|secondlife|service|session|sftp|sgn|shttp|sieve|simpleledger|sip|sips|skype|smb|sms|smtp|snews|snmp|soap\.beep|soap\.beeps|soldat|spiffe|spotify|ssh|steam|stun|stuns|submit|svn|tag|teamspeak|tel|teliaeid|telnet|tftp|tg|things|thismessage|tip|tn3270|tool|ts3server|turn|turns|tv|udp|unreal|urn|ut2004|v-event|vemmi|ventrilo|videotex|vnc|view-source|wais|webcal|wpid|ws|wss|wtai|wyciwyg|xcon|xcon-userid|xfire|xmlrpc\.beep|xmlrpc\.beeps|xmpp|xri|ymsgr|z39\.50|z39\.50r|z39\.50s'
            : implode('|', $protocols);

        /*
         * This pattern is derived from Symfony\Component\Validator\Constraints\UrlValidator (5.0.7).
         *
         * (c) Fabien Potencier <fabien@symfony.com> http://symfony.com
         */
        $pattern = '~^
            (FLUENT_PROTOCOLS)://                                 # protocol
            (((?:[\_\.\pL\pN-]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})+:)?((?:[\_\.\pL\pN-]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})+)@)?  # basic auth
            (
                ([\pL\pN\pS\-\_\.])+(\.?([\pL\pN]|xn\-\-[\pL\pN-]+)+\.?) # a domain name
                    |                                                 # or
                \d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}                    # an IP address
                    |                                                 # or
                \[
                    (?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):){6})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:::(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):){5})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))?::(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):){4})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):){0,1}(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))?::(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):){3})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):){0,2}(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))?::(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):){2})(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):){0,3}(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))?::(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):)(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):){0,4}(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))?::)(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9]))\.){3}(?:(?:25[0-5]|(?:[1-9]|1[0-9]|2[0-4])?[0-9])))))))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):){0,5}(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))?::)(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))|(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})):){0,6}(?:(?:[0-9a-f]{1,4})))?::))))
                \]  # an IPv6 address
            )
            (:[0-9]+)?                              # a port (optional)
            (?:/ (?:[\pL\pN\-._\~!$&\'()*+,;=:@]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})* )*          # a path
            (?:\? (?:[\pL\pN\-._\~!$&\'\[\]()*+,;=:@/?]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})* )?   # a query (optional)
            (?:\# (?:[\pL\pN\-._\~!$&\'()*+,;=:@/?]|%[0-9A-Fa-f]{2})* )?       # a fragment (optional)
        $~ixu';

        return preg_match(str_replace('FLUENT_PROTOCOLS', $protocolList, $pattern), $value) > 0;
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given string is a valid UUID.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function isUuid($value)
    {
        return wp_is_uuid($value);
    }

    /**
     * Convert a string to kebab case.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function kebab($value)
    {
        return static::snake($value, '-');
    }

    /**
     * Return the length of the given string.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  string|null  $encoding
     * @return int
     */
    public static function length($value, $encoding = null)
    {
        if ($encoding) {
            return mb_strlen($value, $encoding);
        }

        return mb_strlen($value);
    }

    /**
     * Limit the number of characters in a string.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  int  $limit
     * @param  string  $end
     * @param  bool  $preserveWords
     * @return string
     */
    public static function limit(
        $value, $limit = 100, $end = '...', $preserveWords = false
    )
    {
        if (mb_strwidth($value, 'UTF-8') <= $limit) {
            return $value;
        }

        if (! $preserveWords) {
            return rtrim(mb_strimwidth($value, 0, $limit, '', 'UTF-8')).$end;
        }

        $value = trim(preg_replace('/[\n\r]+/', ' ', strip_tags($value)));

        $trimmed = rtrim(mb_strimwidth($value, 0, $limit, '', 'UTF-8'));

        if (mb_substr($value, $limit, 1, 'UTF-8') === ' ') {
            return $trimmed.$end;
        }

        return preg_replace("/(.*)\s.*/", '$1', $trimmed).$end;
    }

    /**
     * Convert the given string to lower-case.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function lower($value)
    {
        return mb_strtolower($value, 'UTF-8');
    }

    /**
     * Limit the number of words in a string.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  int  $words
     * @param  string  $end
     * @return string
     */
    public static function words($value, $words = 100, $end = '...')
    {
        preg_match('/^\s*+(?:\S++\s*+){1,'.$words.'}/u', $value, $matches);

        if (! isset($matches[0]) || static::length($value) === static::length($matches[0])) {
            return $value;
        }

        return rtrim($matches[0]).$end;
    }

    /**
     * Masks a portion of a string with a repeated character.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @param  string  $character
     * @param  int  $index
     * @param  int|null  $length
     * @param  string  $encoding
     * @return string
     */
    public static function mask(
        $string, $character, $index, $length = null, $encoding = 'UTF-8'
    )
    {
        if ($character === '') {
            return $string;
        }

        if (is_null($length) && PHP_MAJOR_VERSION < 8) {
            $length = mb_strlen($string, $encoding);
        }

        $segment = mb_substr($string, $index, $length, $encoding);

        if ($segment === '') {
            return $string;
        }

        $strlen = mb_strlen($string, $encoding);
        $startIndex = $index;

        if ($index < 0) {
            $startIndex = $index < -$strlen ? 0 : $strlen + $index;
        }

        $start = mb_substr($string, 0, $startIndex, $encoding);
        $segmentLen = mb_strlen($segment, $encoding);
        $end = mb_substr($string, $startIndex + $segmentLen);

        return $start.str_repeat(mb_substr($character, 0, 1, $encoding), $segmentLen).$end;
    }

    /**
     * Get the string matching the given pattern.
     *
     * @param  string  $pattern
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @return string
     */
    public static function match($pattern, $subject)
    {
        preg_match($pattern, $subject, $matches);

        if (! $matches) {
            return '';
        }

        return $matches[1] ?? $matches[0];
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given string matches a given pattern.
     *
     * @param  string|iterable<string>  $pattern
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function isMatch($pattern, $value)
    {
        $value = (string) $value;

        if (! is_iterable($pattern)) {
            $pattern = [$pattern];
        }

        foreach ($pattern as $pattern) {
            $pattern = (string) $pattern;

            if (preg_match($pattern, $value) === 1) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Get the string matching the given pattern.
     *
     * @param  string  $pattern
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @return \FluentBooking\Framework\Support\Collection
     */
    public static function matchAll($pattern, $subject)
    {
        preg_match_all($pattern, $subject, $matches);

        if (empty($matches[0])) {
            return Helper::collect();
        }

        return Helper::collect($matches[1] ?? $matches[0]);
    }

    /**
     * Pad both sides of a string with another.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  int  $length
     * @param  string  $pad
     * @return string
     */
    public static function padBoth($value, $length, $pad = ' ')
    {
        return str_pad($value, strlen($value) - mb_strlen($value) + $length, $pad, STR_PAD_BOTH);
    }

    /**
     * Pad the left side of a string with another.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  int  $length
     * @param  string  $pad
     * @return string
     */
    public static function padLeft($value, $length, $pad = ' ')
    {
        return str_pad($value, strlen($value) - mb_strlen($value) + $length, $pad, STR_PAD_LEFT);
    }

    /**
     * Pad the right side of a string with another.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  int  $length
     * @param  string  $pad
     * @return string
     */
    public static function padRight($value, $length, $pad = ' ')
    {
        return str_pad($value, strlen($value) - mb_strlen($value) + $length, $pad, STR_PAD_RIGHT);
    }

    /**
     * Parse a Class[@]method style callback into class and method.
     *
     * @param  string  $callback
     * @param  string|null  $default
     * @return array<int, string|null>
     */
    public static function parseCallback($callback, $default = null)
    {
        return static::contains($callback, '@') ? explode('@', $callback, 2) : [$callback, $default];
    }

    /**
     * Parse an integer from a string.
     * 
     * @param  string $value
     * @return int|null
     */
    public static function parseInt($value)
    {
        if (preg_match('/[-+]?\d+/', $value, $matches)) {
            return (int) $matches[0];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Parse a floasting point number from a string.
     * 
     * @param  string $value
     * @return float|null
     */
    public static function parseFloat($value)
    {
        if (preg_match('/[-+]?\d*\.?\d+(e[-+]?\d+)?/i', $value, $matches)) {
            return (float) $matches[0];
        }
    }

    /**
     * Remove all non-numeric characters from a string.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function parseNumber($value)
    {
        return preg_replace('/[^0-9]/', '', $value);
    }

    /**
     * Get the plural form of an English word.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  int|array|\Countable  $count
     * @return string
     */
    public static function plural($value, $count = 2)
    {
        return Pluralizer::plural($value, $count);
    }

    /**
     * Pluralize the last word of an English, studly caps case string.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  int|array|\Countable  $count
     * @return string
     */
    public static function pluralStudly($value, $count = 2)
    {
        $parts = preg_split('/(.)(?=[A-Z])/u', $value, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);

        $lastWord = array_pop($parts);

        return implode('', $parts).self::plural($lastWord, $count);
    }

    /**
     * Find the multi-byte safe position of the first
     * occurrence of a given substring in a string.
     *
     * @param  string  $haystack
     * @param  string  $needle
     * @param  int  $offset
     * @param  string|null  $encoding
     * @return int|false
     */
    public static function position(
        $haystack, $needle, $offset = 0, $encoding = null
    )
    {
        return mb_strpos($haystack, (string) $needle, $offset, $encoding);
    }

    /**
     * Generate a more truly "random" alpha-numeric string.
     *
     * @param  int  $length
     * @return string
     */
    public static function random($length = 16)
    {
        $string = '';

        while (($len = strlen($string)) < $length) {
            $size = $length - $len;

            $bytes = random_bytes($size);

            $string .= substr(
                str_replace(
                    ['/', '+', '='], '', base64_encode($bytes)
                ), 0, $size
            );
        }

        return $string;
    }

    /**
     * Repeat the given string.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @param  int  $times
     * @return string
     */
    public static function repeat(string $string, int $times)
    {
        return str_repeat($string, $times);
    }

    /**
     * Replace a given value in the string sequentially with an array.
     *
     * @param  string  $search
     * @param  array<int|string, string>  $replace
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @return string
     */
    public static function replaceArray($search, array $replace, $subject)
    {
        $segments = explode($search, $subject);

        $result = array_shift($segments);

        foreach ($segments as $segment) {
            $result .= (array_shift($replace) ?? $search).$segment;
        }

        return $result;
    }

    /**
     * Replace the given value in the given string.
     *
     * @param  string|string[]  $search
     * @param  string|string[]  $replace
     * @param  string|string[]  $subject
     * @return string
     */
    public static function replace($search, $replace, $subject)
    {
        return str_replace($search, $replace, $subject);
    }

    /**
     * Replace the first occurrence of a given value in the string.
     *
     * @param  string  $search
     * @param  string  $replace
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @return string
     */
    public static function replaceFirst($search, $replace, $subject)
    {
        if ($search === '') {
            return $subject;
        }

        $position = strpos($subject, $search);

        if ($position !== false) {
            return substr_replace($subject, $replace, $position, strlen($search));
        }

        return $subject;
    }

    /**
     * Replace the first occurrence of the given value if it appears at the start of the string.
     *
     * @param  string  $search
     * @param  string  $replace
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @return string
     */
    public static function replaceStart($search, $replace, $subject)
    {
        $search = (string) $search;

        if ($search === '') {
            return $subject;
        }

        if (static::startsWith($subject, $search)) {
            return static::replaceFirst($search, $replace, $subject);
        }

        return $subject;
    }

    /**
     * Replace the last occurrence of a given value in the string.
     *
     * @param  string  $search
     * @param  string  $replace
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @return string
     */
    public static function replaceLast($search, $replace, $subject)
    {
        if ($search === '') {
            return $subject;
        }

        $position = strrpos($subject, $search);

        if ($position !== false) {
            return substr_replace($subject, $replace, $position, strlen($search));
        }

        return $subject;
    }

    /**
     * Replace the last occurrence of a given value if it appears at the end of the string.
     *
     * @param  string  $search
     * @param  string  $replace
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @return string
     */
    public static function replaceEnd($search, $replace, $subject)
    {
        $search = (string) $search;

        if ($search === '') {
            return $subject;
        }

        if (static::endsWith($subject, $search)) {
            return static::replaceLast($search, $replace, $subject);
        }

        return $subject;
    }

    /**
     * Replace the patterns matching the given regular expression.
     *
     * @param  array|string  $pattern
     * @param  \Closure|string[]|string  $replace
     * @param  array|string  $subject
     * @param  int  $limit
     * @return string|string[]|null
     */
    public static function replaceMatches($pattern, $replace, $subject, $limit = -1)
    {
        if ($replace instanceof Closure) {
            return preg_replace_callback($pattern, $replace, $subject, $limit);
        }

        return preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $subject, $limit);
    }

    /**
     * Remove any occurrence of the given string in the subject.
     *
     * @param  string|array<string>  $search
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @param  bool  $caseSensitive
     * @return string
     */
    public static function remove($search, $subject, $caseSensitive = true)
    {
        $subject = $caseSensitive
                    ? str_replace($search, '', $subject)
                    : str_ireplace($search, '', $subject);

        return $subject;
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the given string.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function reverse(string $value)
    {
        return implode(array_reverse(mb_str_split($value)));
    }

    /**
     * Begin a string with a single instance of a given value.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  string  $prefix
     * @return string
     */
    public static function start($value, $prefix)
    {
        $quoted = preg_quote($prefix, '/');

        return $prefix.preg_replace('/^(?:'.$quoted.')+/u', '', $value);
    }

    /**
     * Convert the given string to upper-case.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function upper($value)
    {
        return mb_strtoupper($value, 'UTF-8');
    }

    /**
     * Convert the given string to title case.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function title($value)
    {
        return mb_convert_case($value, MB_CASE_TITLE, 'UTF-8');
    }

    /**
     * Convert the given string to title case for each word.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function headline($value)
    {
        $parts = explode(' ', $value);

        $parts = count($parts) > 1
            ? $parts = array_map([static::class, 'title'], $parts)
            : $parts = array_map([static::class, 'title'], static::ucsplit(implode('_', $parts)));

        $collapsed = static::replace(['-', '_', ' '], '_', implode('_', $parts));

        return implode(' ', array_filter(explode('_', $collapsed)));
    }

    /**
     * Convert the given string to APA-style title case.
     *
     * See: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/capitalization/title-case
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function apa($value)
    {
        if (trim($value) === '') {
            return $value;
        }

        $minorWords = [
            'and', 'as', 'but', 'for', 'if', 'nor', 'or', 'so', 'yet', 'a', 'an',
            'the', 'at', 'by', 'for', 'in', 'of', 'off', 'on', 'per', 'to', 'up', 'via',
            'et', 'ou', 'un', 'une', 'la', 'le', 'les', 'de', 'du', 'des', 'par', 'à',
        ];

        $endPunctuation = ['.', '!', '?', ':', '—', ','];

        $words = preg_split('/\s+/', $value, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);

        for ($i = 0; $i < count($words); $i++) {
            $lowercaseWord = mb_strtolower($words[$i]);

            if (str_contains($lowercaseWord, '-')) {
                $hyphenatedWords = explode('-', $lowercaseWord);

                $hyphenatedWords = array_map(function ($part) use ($minorWords) {
                    return (in_array($part, $minorWords) && mb_strlen($part) <= 3)
                        ? $part
                        : mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($part, 0, 1)).mb_substr($part, 1);
                }, $hyphenatedWords);

                $words[$i] = implode('-', $hyphenatedWords);
            } else {
                if (in_array($lowercaseWord, $minorWords) &&
                    mb_strlen($lowercaseWord) <= 3 &&
                    ! ($i === 0 || in_array(mb_substr($words[$i - 1], -1), $endPunctuation))) {
                    $words[$i] = $lowercaseWord;
                } else {
                    $words[$i] = mb_strtoupper(mb_substr($lowercaseWord, 0, 1)).mb_substr($lowercaseWord, 1);
                }
            }
        }

        return implode(' ', $words);
    }

    /**
     * Get the singular form of an English word.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function singular($value)
    {
        return Pluralizer::singular($value);
    }

    /**
     * Generate a URL friendly "slug" from a given string.
     *
     * @param  string  $title
     * @return string
     * @see https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/sanitize_title/
     */
    public static function slug($title, $fallback_title = '', $context = 'save')
    {
        return sanitize_title($title, $fallback_title, $context);
    }

    /**
     * Convert a string to snake case.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  string  $delimiter
     * @return string
     */
    public static function snake($value, $delimiter = '_')
    {
        $key = $value;

        if (isset(static::$snakeCache[$key][$delimiter])) {
            return static::$snakeCache[$key][$delimiter];
        }

        if (! ctype_lower($value)) {
            $value = preg_replace('/\s+/u', '', ucwords($value));

            $value = static::lower(preg_replace('/(.)(?=[A-Z])/u', '$1'.$delimiter, $value));
        }

        return static::$snakeCache[$key][$delimiter] = $value;
    }

    /**
     * Remove all whitespace from both ends of a string.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  string|null  $charlist
     * @return string
     */
    public static function trim($value, $charlist = null)
    {
        if ($charlist === null) {
            $trimDefaultCharacters = " \n\r\t\v\0";

            return preg_replace('~^[\s\x{FEFF}\x{200B}\x{200E}'.$trimDefaultCharacters.']+|[\s\x{FEFF}\x{200B}\x{200E}'.$trimDefaultCharacters.']+$~u', '', $value) ?? trim($value);
        }

        return trim($value, $charlist);
    }

    /**
     * Remove all whitespace from the beginning of a string.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  string|null  $charlist
     * @return string
     */
    public static function ltrim($value, $charlist = null)
    {
        if ($charlist === null) {
            $ltrimDefaultCharacters = " \n\r\t\v\0";

            return preg_replace('~^[\s\x{FEFF}\x{200B}\x{200E}'.$ltrimDefaultCharacters.']+~u', '', $value) ?? ltrim($value);
        }

        return ltrim($value, $charlist);
    }

    /**
     * Remove all whitespace from the end of a string.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  string|null  $charlist
     * @return string
     */
    public static function rtrim($value, $charlist = null)
    {
        if ($charlist === null) {
            $rtrimDefaultCharacters = " \n\r\t\v\0";

            return preg_replace('~[\s\x{FEFF}\x{200B}\x{200E}'.$rtrimDefaultCharacters.']+$~u', '', $value) ?? rtrim($value);
        }

        return rtrim($value, $charlist);
    }

    /**
     * Remove all "extra" blank space from the given string.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function squish($value)
    {
        return preg_replace('~(\s|\x{3164}|\x{1160})+~u', ' ', preg_replace('~^[\s\x{FEFF}]+|[\s\x{FEFF}]+$~u', '', $value));
    }

    /**
     * Determine if a given string starts with a given substring.
     *
     * @param  string  $haystack
     * @param  string|string[]  $needles
     * @return bool
     */
    public static function startsWith($haystack, $needles)
    {
        foreach ((array) $needles as $needle) {
            if ((string) $needle !== '' && strncmp($haystack, $needle, strlen($needle)) === 0) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Convert a value to studly caps case.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function studly($value)
    {
        $key = $value;

        if (isset(static::$studlyCache[$key])) {
            return static::$studlyCache[$key];
        }

        $words = explode(' ', static::replace(['-', '_'], ' ', $value));

        $studlyWords = array_map(function ($word) {
            return static::ucfirst($word);
        }, $words);

        return static::$studlyCache[$key] = implode($studlyWords);
    }

    /**
     * Convert a value to Pascal case.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @return string
     */
    public static function pascal($value)
    {
        return static::studly($value);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the portion of the string specified by the start and length parameters.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @param  int  $start
     * @param  int|null  $length
     * @return string
     */
    public static function substr($string, $start, $length = null)
    {
        return mb_substr($string, $start, $length, 'UTF-8');
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of substring occurrences.
     *
     * @param  string  $haystack
     * @param  string  $needle
     * @param  int  $offset
     * @param  int|null  $length
     * @return int
     */
    public static function substrCount(
        $haystack, $needle, $offset = 0, $length = null
    ) {
        if (! is_null($length)) {
            return substr_count($haystack, $needle, $offset, $length);
        } else {
            return substr_count($haystack, $needle, $offset);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Replace text within a portion of a string.
     *
     * @param  string|array  $string
     * @param  string|array  $replace
     * @param  array|int  $offset
     * @param  array|int|null  $length
     * @return string|array
     */
    public static function substrReplace(
        $string, $replace, $offset = 0, $length = null
    ) {
        if ($length === null) {
            $length = strlen($string);
        }

        return substr_replace($string, $replace, $offset, $length);
    }

    /**
     * Swap multiple keywords in a string with other keywords.
     *
     * @param  array  $map
     * @param  string  $subject
     * @return string
     */
    public static function swap(array $map, $subject)
    {
        return strtr($subject, $map);
    }

    /**
     * Take the first or last {$limit} characters of a string.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @param  int  $limit
     * @return string
     */
    public static function take($string, int $limit): string
    {
        if ($limit < 0) {
            return static::substr($string, $limit);
        }

        return static::substr($string, 0, $limit);
    }

    /**
     * Convert the given string to Base64 encoding.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @return string
     */
    public static function toBase64($string)
    {
        return base64_encode($string);
    }

    /**
     * Decode the given Base64 encoded string.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @param  bool  $strict
     * @return string|false
     */
    public static function fromBase64($string, $strict = false)
    {
        return base64_decode($string, $strict);
    }

    /**
     * Make a string's first character lowercase.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @return string
     */
    public static function lcfirst($string)
    {
        return static::lower(
            static::substr($string, 0, 1)
        ).static::substr($string, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Make a string's first character uppercase.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @return string
     */
    public static function ucfirst($string)
    {
        return static::upper(
            static::substr($string, 0, 1)
        ).static::substr($string, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Split a string into pieces by uppercase characters.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @return array
     */
    public static function ucsplit($string)
    {
        return preg_split('/(?=\p{Lu})/u', $string, -1, PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
    }

    /**
     * Get the number of words a string contains.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @return int
     */
    public static function wordCount($string)
    {
        return str_word_count($string);
    }

    /**
     * Wrap a string to a given number of characters.
     *
     * @param  string  $string
     * @param  int  $characters
     * @param  string  $break
     * @param  bool  $cutLongWords
     * @return string
     */
    public static function wordWrap(
        $string,
        $characters = 75,
        $break = "\n",
        $cutLongWords = false
    )
    {
        return wordwrap($string, $characters, $break, $cutLongWords);
    }

    /**
     * Wrap the string with the given strings.
     *
     * @param  string  $value
     * @param  string  $before
     * @param  string|null  $after
     * @return string
     */
    public static function wrap($value, $before, $after = null)
    {
        return $before.$value.($after = $after ?: $before);
    }

    /**
     * Generate a UUID (version 4).
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public static function uuid()
    {
        return wp_generate_uuid4();
    }

    /**
     * Increment a counter.
     * @return int
     */
    public static function incrementCounter($prefix = '')
    {
        return wp_unique_id($prefix);
    }

    /**
     * Generate a deterministic unique id by a prefix.
     * 
     * @param  string $slug
     * @return string
     */
    public static function incrementBySlug($slug = '')
    {
        return wp_unique_prefixed_id(
            $slug = $slug ?: App::config()->get('app.slug')
        );
    }

    /**
     * Remove all strings from the casing caches.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public static function flushCache()
    {
        static::$snakeCache = [];
        static::$camelCache = [];
        static::$studlyCache = [];
    }
}
